Entry 4_ Đinh Thị Thủy

Argument

Item 1

Bill: "You know, those feminists all hate men."
Joe: "Really?"
Bill: "Yeah. I was in my philosophy class the other day and that Rachel chick gave a presentation."
Joe: "Which Rachel?"
Bill: "You know her. She's the one that runs that feminist group over at the Women's Center. She said that men are all sexist pigs. I asked her why she believed this and she said that her last few boyfriends were real sexist pigs. "
Joe: "That doesn't sound like a good reason to believe that all of us are pigs."
Bill: "That was what I said."
Joe: "What did she say?"
Bill: "She said that she had seen enough of men to know we are all pigs. She obviously hates all men."
Joe: "So you think all feminists are like her?"
Bill: "Sure. They all hate men."

ð       Hasty Generalization( what is true for a member is true for whole group)

Because:

-Rachel make a conclusion : “men are all sexist pigs.” Just because her few boyfriends were  sexist pigs.
- Another one:

Joe: "So you think all feminists are like her?"
Bill: "Sure. They all hate men."

This is the answer for the question at the beginning of the conversation:

Bill: "You know, those feminists all hate men.". Bill and Joe also concluded that all feminists hate men because Rachel( one member of feminists hates men)
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/hasty-generalization.html

Item 2

.
William Paley’s argument from design suggests that a watch and the universe are similar (both display order and complexity), and therefore infers from the fact that watches are the product of intelligent design that the universe must be a product of intelligent design too.

http://www.logicalfallacies.info/relevance/weak-analogy/

ð       Weak analogy:

The structure:

A and B are similar.

(a watch and the universe are similar )

 A has a certain characteristic

(watches are the product of intelligent design )

Thererore:

B must have that characteristic too

(the universe must be a product of intelligent design).

ð       It’s weak analogy because the similarities in the kind and degree of order exhibited by watches and the universe are insufficient to support an inference to a similarity in their origins.

Item 3

Believe in evolution and animal kinship leads normally to selfishness, aggressiveness, and fighting between groups, as well as animalistic attitudes and behaviour by individuals.

http://www.fallacyfiles.org/adconseq.html

=> Fallacies of relevance

=> Appeal to consequence

People’ selfishness, aggressiveness, and fighting may be their pesonality, can come from life.